SAP雷公水氮肥，助力減碳新未來!
OpenAI 

電漿水源自大氣電漿解離空氣分子與水的相互作用，其應用範圍從食品工業中的微生物淨化到醫療傷口癒合。由於PAW富含硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽形式的固定氮，被認為是農業化肥的補充。依據我們在地農業研究發現，PAW 在農業中的其他好處包括增強種子發芽、提高生根速度、促進植物生長、增強耐旱性和對非生物脅迫的抵抗力，以及由於活性氧和氮物種(RONS) 的存在而控制植物病蟲害。儘管有報告指出高濃度 PAW 對植物有負面影響，但最近的一項研究得出結論，即使使用大量 PAW，也不會對土壤的理化性質產生負面影響，並且可以安全地可持續地應用、環境友善農業。
Plasma-activated water (PAW) has attracted widespread attention, with applications ranging from microbial decontamination in the food industry to medical wound healing. Importantly, it is considered a supplement to chemical fertilizers in agriculture because it is rich in fixed nitrogen in the forms of nitrate and nitrite. As our studies, it also indicated the benefits of PAW in agriculture include enhancing seed germination, increasing rooting speed, promoting plant growth, enhancing drought tolerance and resistance to abiotic stresses, and controlling plant diseases and pests, due to the presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), such as hydroxyl radicals ( OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ozone (O3), and nitrate/nitrite (NO3− and NO2−). Although there are reported negative effects of high-concentration PAW on plants, a recent study concluded that PAW application, even at high amounts, has no negative influence on the physicochemical properties of soil and it can be safely applied in sustainable, environmentally friendly agriculture.
植物需要十六種基本元素，其中氮、氫和氧都存在於大氣中，但卻難以溶入土壤被植物吸收。為了提高農作物的品質和生⻑速度，農民將使⽤肥料與農藥。然⽽，過量使⽤化學肥料與農藥會導致化學物質浸出造成的土壤和⽔資源污染，更是碳排放與ESG的主要議題。透過電漿⽔（PAW）可以更有機地向農作物提供養分與滅菌功效，減少對環境的危害，更是提供永續環境的新選擇。PAW含有各種氣態活性物質，如 OH、 H2O2、和 NOx^-…也是刺激固氮細菌（例如硝化細菌）生⻑的良好培養基，這對於持續地提供植物溶解氮非常重要。
Plants require sixteen essential elements including hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen are all found in the air which are hard to be solved in soil and absorbed by plants. To increase the quality and growth rate of crops, farmers will use fertilizers and pesticide. However, the usage of excess fertilizers and pesticide leads to soil and water pollution due to leaching of chemicals. They are also the major issues of carbon footprint and ESG. With the usage of Plasma Activated Water (PAW), microbial inactivation and nutrients can simultaneously be supplied to crops more organically and produce much less harm. PAW contained various gaseous reactive species like OH, H2O2 and NOx^-, is a good medium to stimulate the growth of nitrogen fixation bacteria such as nitrobacter, which is important in supplying continuous dissolved nitrogen to plants.

SAP-PAW 1000 電漿水機生成圖

雪曼電漿水生成條件:
雷公水生成機SAP-PAW1000，7公升RO水，耗電: 500W，電漿頻率19kHz，空氣用量 40升/ 小時，單槍頭。

pH在電漿啟動後迅速下降，隨著時間增加，酸度持續下降。

EC值隨電漿處理時間增加呈線性增加，ORP從250mV逐步上升。當EC值達到300 us/cm時，ORP=612mV，之後緩慢增加。當EC達到800時，ORP=633 mV。

硝酸根離子濃度在EC=500之前成線性增加，與一般文獻所示趨勢相同。當EC值達到500時，硝酸根離子濃度885ppm，亞酸根離子濃度133ppm。之後似乎達到飽和狀態，硝酸根離子/亞酸根離子濃度增加緩慢。當EC達到800時，NO3^-=921ppm，NO2^-=146ppm。

SAP-PAW generating conditions:
The Luí Gōng Tsuì module (SAP-PAW1000),
7 liters of RO water,
Consume POWER: 500W,
Plasma frequency 19kHz.
Air Flow: 40 Liter/min
1 plasma generator.

Mass Production Rate (Liter/hr) per single run 
35 @EC300, 17.5@EC500, 9.3@EC800

The pH drops rapidly after the plasma is started, and the acidity continues to drop as time increases.

The EC value increases linearly with the plasma treatment time, and the ORP gradually increases from 250mV. When the EC value reaches 300 us/cm, ORP=612mV, and then increases slowly till 633mV@EC800.

The nitrate concentration increases linearly before EC=500, which is the same trend as shown in literatures. When the EC value reaches 500, the nitrate concentration is 885ppm (mg/L) and the nitrite concentration is 133ppm. After that, saturation appears to be reached and the nitrate /nitrite concentration increases slowly till 921 ppm and 146 ppm respectively @EC800.

PAW Decay at room temperature in sealed bottle

pH值在室溫保存10天期間基本保持穩定，這與文獻中提及之NO濃度隨保存時間變化不大有關。

The pH value remained basically stable during the 10-day storage at room temperature, which is consistent with the literature that the NO concentration does not change much with storage time.

ORP會逐漸下降後再上升；EC值在一開始時上升快速，5天後上升趨勢減緩。

硝酸根與亞硝酸根濃度則下降快速，5天後下降趨勢漸緩，甚至開始回升。

ORP will gradually decrease and then increase; EC value will increase rapidly at the beginning, but the upward trend will slow down after 5 days. NO3⁻ amounts in PAW samples significantly decreased after storage, while NO2⁻ and H2O2 amounts dropped faster after storage.

保存十天後，EC800/EC500/EC300之硝酸根濃度分別為294/135/86 ppm，亞硝酸根濃度則都掉到5ppm。不過，經過十天的儲存後，ORP開始上升，NO3⁻也開始上升。to be continue…

After ten days of storage, the nitrate concentrations of EC800/EC500/EC300 were 294/135/86 ppm respectively, and the nitrite concentrations all dropped to 5ppm. However, after ten days of storage, ORP began to rise, and NO3⁻ also began to rise. to be continue...

雪曼雷公水量產率 Luí Gōng Tsuì Mass Production Rate

地點: 台東 ；產能Mass Production Rate: 60L/55min (65.5L/hr)@ EC600

地點: 三星石灰水質(宜蘭水源地) ；產能: 70L/133min (31.6L/hr)@ EC425

地點: 雪山水質(宜蘭龍潭) ；產能: 60L/95min (37.9L/hr)@ EC500

7 Liter RO Water @ EC600
Dual plasma double mass production rate, because dual plasma obtained double air flow rate.